土壤表层CO_2的释放与土壤水分波动   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朴河春  洪业汤  袁芷云 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1999,(3)

贵州虽地处雨量充沛、气候潮湿的亚热带,但近年来旱地土壤往往出现明显的干湿循环现象,这是因为：１）森林植被遭到破坏,使其对气候的调节功能大不如前,导致出现多年气候异常,最大的年降雨量与最小的年降雨量之间相差５００ｍｍ以上,旱涝灾害频繁;２）喀斯特地貌土...  相似文献   

黔南斜坡相区二叠系层序地层序列及其年代地层对比   总被引：30，自引：4，他引：26  

史晓颖  梅仕龙 《现代地质》1999,13(1):1-10

黔南斜坡相区的二叠系划分为１６个三级层序,４个层序组,分属于２个中层序。大多数三级层序的底界属整合界面,有良好的牙形石和化石带控制。该区二叠纪有４次重要的海平面下降事件,它们分别出现在牙形石Ｓｗｗｈｉｔｅｉ带底部,Ｓｗａｆｈａｎｚｈｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ带下部,ＪＸｕａｎｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ带下部以及Ｃｌｙｉｎｉ带底部。已识别的海进事件中,有３个最具地层划分和对比意义,分别出现在牙形石Ｎｅｘｃｕｌｐｔｕｓ带底部,Ｊｎａｎｋｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ带底部和Ｊｐｏｓｔｂｉｔｅｒｉ带下部,均伴随有重要的生物群替代。研究表明,沉积层序的关键界面对于进一步优化阶和生物时带的界线,使年代地层界线成为野外可识别的物理界面具有重要的潜在价值。  相似文献   

1982-1999年我国陆地植被活动对气候变化响应的季节差异   总被引：95，自引：6，他引：89  

朴世龙  方精云 《地理学报》2003,58(1):119-125

利用NOAA-AVHRR数据,以归一化植被指数 (NDVI) 作为植被活动的指标,研究中国1982~1999 年四季植被活动的变化,探讨植被活动对全球变化的主要响应方式。结果表明,18年来,中国植被四季平均NDVI均呈上升趋势。春季是中国植被平均NDVI上升趋势最为显著 (P<0.001)、增加速率最快的季节,每年平均增加1.3%;而秋季是NDVI上升趋势最不显著的季节 (P=0.075)。不同植被类型的季节平均NDVI的年变化分析表明,生长季的提前是中国植被对全球变化响应的最主要方式,但这种季节响应方式存在明显的区域性差异。夏季平均NDVI增加速率达到最大的地区主要分布在西北干旱区域和青藏高寒区域,而东部季风区域的植被主要表现为春季NDVI增加速率最大。  相似文献   

The impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle:A review   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shilong PIAO  Xinping ZHANG  Anping CHEN  Qiang LIU  Xu LIAN  Xuhui WANG  Shushi PENG  Xiuchen WU 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,(10)

The increased frequency of climate extremes in recent years has profoundly affected terrestrial ecosystem functions and the welfare of human society. The carbon cycle is a key process of terrestrial ecosystem changes. Therefore, a better understanding and assessment of the impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle could provide an important scientific basis to facilitate the mitigation and adaption of our society to climate change. In this paper, we systematically review the impacts of climate extremes(e.g. drought, extreme precipitation, extreme hot and extreme cold) on terrestrial ecosystems and their mechanisms. Existing studies have suggested that drought is one of the most important stressors on the terrestrial carbon sink, and that it can inhibit both ecosystem productivity and respiration. Because ecosystem productivity is usually more sensitive to drought than respiration, drought can significantly reduce the strength of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks and even turn them into carbon sources. Large inter-model variations have been found in the simulations of drought-induced changes in the carbon cycle, suggesting the existence of a large gap in current understanding of the mechanisms behind the responses of ecosystem carbon balance to drought, especially for tropical vegetation. The effects of extreme precipitation on the carbon cycle vary across different regions. In general, extreme precipitation enhances carbon accumulation in arid ecosystems, but restrains carbon sequestration in moist ecosystems. However, current knowledge on the indirect effects of extreme precipitation on the carbon cycle through regulating processes such as soil carbon lateral transportation and nutrient loss is still limited. This knowledge gap has caused large uncertainties in assessing the total carbon cycle impact of extreme precipitation. Extreme hot and extreme cold can affect the terrestrial carbon cycle through various ecosystem processes. Note that the severity of such climate extremes depends greatly on their timing, which needs to be investigated thoroughly in future studies. In light of current knowledge and gaps in the understanding of how extreme climates affect the terrestrial carbon cycle, we strongly recommend that future studies should place more attention on the long-term impacts and on the driving mechanisms at different time scales.Studies based on multi-source data, methods and across multiple spatial-temporal scales, are also necessary to better characterize the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate extremes.  相似文献   

岬湾海滩岬角沙丘过路输沙研究现状          下载免费PDF全文

罗时龙  靳瑞芳 《海洋开发与管理》2024,41(2):115-121

文章从岬湾海滩、岬角沙丘以及岬角沙丘过路输沙的概念出发,引出岬角沙丘过路输沙的概念模式,总结岬角沙丘过路输沙的常用研究方法和研究现状,指出岬角-海滩-沙丘系统在海岸带输沙中的重要作用;针对我国海岸风沙地貌研究的现状,提出应加快海岸风沙资源现状调查、加强海岸风沙地貌过程研究以及协调海岸风沙地貌资源开发利用与修复保护,为我国海岸沙丘相关研究明确方向。  相似文献   

The fate of amino acids adsorbed on mineral matter     

Jean-François Lambert  Lorenzo Stievano  Irène Lopes  Marwen Gharsallah  Lingyu Piao 《Planetary and Space Science》2009,57(4):460-21825

We present here selected results recently obtained on the molecular characterization of amino acids adsorption on oxide minerals and their further polymerization by thermal activation, in the general frame of assessing Bernal's hypothesis on the origin of biopolymers on mineral surfaces. Adsorption mechanisms may be identified by a combination of vibrational spectroscopy, ¹³C solid-state NMR, and molecular modeling. Depending on a particular amino acid, the oxide surface investigated, and the water activity during adsorption (i.e., whether it is carried out from the gas phase or from an aqueous solution), contributions from electrostatic adsorption, outer-sphere and inner-sphere (coordination) complexes may be observed. These mechanisms result in significant adsorption selectivities from equimolar mixtures of different amino acids. Upon thermal activation at moderate temperatures (150-160 °C), clean polymerization events occur and can easily be observed by thermogravimetric analysis. There are some hints of selectivity in this step too. The water activity during thermal treatment plays an important role for the thermodynamics of polymerization.  相似文献   

Quantifying the response of forest carbon balance to future climate change in Northeastern China: Model validation and prediction   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Changhui Peng  Xiaolu Zhou  Shuqing Zhao  Xiangping Wang  Biao Zhu  Shilong Piao  Jingyun Fang 《Global and Planetary Change》2009,66(3-4):179-194

In this study, we report on the validation of process-based forest growth and carbon and nitrogen model of TRIPLEX against observed data, and the use of the model to investigate the potential impacts and interaction of climate change and increasing atmospheric CO₂ on forest net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon budgets in northeast of China. The model validation results show that the simulated tree total volume, NPP, total biomass and soil carbon are consistent with observed data across the Northeast of China, demonstrating that the improved TRIPLEX model is able to simulate forest growth and carbon dynamics of the boreal and temperate forest ecosystems at regional scale. The climate change would increase forest NPP and biomass carbon but decrease overall soil carbon under all three climate change scenarios. The combined effects of climate change and CO₂ fertilization on the increase of NPP were estimated to be 10–12% for 2030s and 28–37% in 2090s. The simulated effects of CO₂ fertilization significantly offset the soil carbon loss due to climate change alone. Overall, future climate change and increasing atmospheric CO₂ would have a significant impact on the forest ecosystems of Northeastern China.  相似文献   

新疆克孜尔水库F2活断层活动特征分析 *   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李斌  夏新利  崔龙  翟世龙  黄静  王爱倩  徐永龙 《工程地质学报》2009,17(6):780-787

摘 要 新疆克孜尔水库区内F2活断层的活动规律对水库的安全性有重要影响,对F2断层短水准长序列的观测分析表明:F2断层下盘近40年来持续发生着由南向北的地倾运动。这既影响了短水准高差计算结果,也影响了位错模型水平扭动量和滑动角两个用于评价断层活动性的参数的计算结果,从而使F2断层活动性评价失去客观性。本文通过第1形变监测站人工短水准前尺读数长序列走势分析获得F2活断层下盘测线方向上12米处地倾活动的年变速率（1979-2006）为0.224mm/a,根据库区F2活断层两侧地表沉降速率等值线图确定、验证第1形变监测站上、下盘测线方向上地倾活动年变速率（1991-2002）分别是0.03mm/a、0.07mm/a。对水平扭动量和滑动角的计算和分析表明:F2活断层近10余年来的活动虽与水库蓄水、库水沿活断层下渗、河流改道及地壳运动关系密切,但尚无法认定其活动正在或已经加剧。  相似文献   

1982～2006年全球植被生长时空变化   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙进瑜  彭书时  王旭辉  朴世龙 《第四纪研究》2010,30(3)

基于遥感和地理信息系统技术,利用 1982～2006年间NOAA-AVHRR获得的归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,简称NDVI)数据对全球最近25年来的植被生长的动态变化及其与温度、降水的相关关系进行了分析.结果表明: 25年间,全球植被生长季NDVI总体上呈显著上升趋势(R2=0.27,P<0.01),尤其在1982～1997年间(R2=0.68,P<0.01); 而在最近的10年(1997～2006年),全球平均生长季NDVI呈下降趋势(R2=0.34,P=0.08).不同地区生长季NDVI变化趋势存在较大差异.1982～2006年间,热带地区生长季NDVI增加速度最快(R2=0.32,P<0.01),其次为北半球中高纬地区(R2=0.14,P=0.06),而南半球温带地区平均生长季NDVI主要处于波动中(R2=0.04,P=0.31).生长季平均NDVI与气候因子之间相关关系分析表明,北半球中高纬大部分地区植被的NDVI与温度成正相关,说明温度上升对该地区植被生长有利.  相似文献   

1949—2017年青藏高原科学考察研究历程     

姚檀栋  王伟财  安宝晟  朴世龙  陈发虎 《地理学报》2022,77(7):1586-1602

被誉为世界屋脊和亚洲水塔的青藏高原是中国资源宝库和生态安全屏障。1949年以来,青藏高原科学考察研究作为国家战略任务受到高度重视。1949—2017年第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（简称“第二次青藏科考”）启动之前,中国科学家在青藏高原地区开展的科学考察研究历程大致可分为4个阶段：① 区域专题科学考察阶段（20世纪50—60年代）,该阶段取得了重要的第一手资料,为此后的大规模青藏高原综合科学考察研究奠定了基础;② 第一次青藏高原综合科学考察研究阶段（简称“第一次青藏科考”,1973—1992年）,该阶段首次开展了大规模多学科的综合考察研究,完成了面积约260万km²的青藏高原综合科学考察研究,积累了大量的科学资料,产生了巨大的科学和社会影响;③ 问题主导的科学考察研究阶段（20世纪90年代—21世纪初）,包括攀登计划、国家重点基础研究发展计划、高水平国际合作等为特征的科学问题主导的科学考察研究,实现了由静态到动态、由定性到定量、由单一学科到交叉学科的里程碑式转变;④ 建制化和团队攻坚的科学考察研究阶段（2003—2017年）,这一阶段以2003年中国科学院青藏高原研究所成立为标志,队伍规模化组建,野外台站体系化建成,实验室建设形成规模,国际合作不断深化,中国科学院战略性先导科技专项以及第三极环境国际计划等重大项目的实施,汇集了全国和全球开展青藏高原研究的杰出人才,推动青藏高原研究走进世界地学研究的第一方阵,为2017年启动第二次青藏科考打下了坚实基础。  相似文献